We have chosen to present case studies of four countries--Germany, Northern Ireland, Rwanda and South Africa--each grappling with their own unique histories, seeking justice and reconciliation after genocide or mass violence. We purposefully chose them in order to present a wide range of tools and approaches. The countries presented have placed emphasis on different strategies as each attempts to transition towards a healed society and peaceful co-existence. Yet in each of the case studies we also find universal struggles and challenges, victories and opportunities. With these materials, we are not claiming to provide a comprehensive examination of these four countries in transition, but hope that the readings, video clips and other resources included in the module will deepen your thinking and expand your understanding of the many themes and issues presented, none of which are simple.

Also note that we have several general readings related to issues of transitional justice.

• Germany
• Northern Ireland
• Rwanda
• South Africa
• General Readings